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d wheat grass has become
g popular since its intro-
ction in the Prairie Provinces a!
: ago,.due mainly to its
ty to resist drought. The seed
| year is again in strong demand,|
he supply as yet is much below!
I and, as is evident by the
rice which is obtained. With
vorable conditions, it is ex-|
that much larger quantities

ar, and the story of its develop-
‘is an interesting one.
ed wheat grass is a native of
e steppe region or prairie plains of
sia and Western Siberia and was
troduced to North America by
mited States Department of
culture. It was tested at many
ferent stations but did not receive
ch attention until recent years
it was found to give good re-
in the tests at the Dakota and
tana stations. The original in-
ction of this grass into Canada
hrough the United States De-
tment of Agriculture and also
ly from Russia. In 1915 two
of the seed were obtained
ie United States by the Uni-
ity of Saskatchewan and planted
experimental plots. Somewhat
the University received eight
aples from the United States Ex-
nental Station at Mandan, North
ta, and a considerable number
introductions were obtained from
to time directly from Russia
nd Siberia, so that eventually the
iversity had a large collection of
rial.
ery lot planted was exceedingly
ible in plant type and some
nts were obviously more desirable
han others. These differences sug-
the desirability of doing some
ection work as it was apparent
at considerable improvement could
fected by making selections from
types with a tendency to
and by eliminating the coarse,
y, and sparsely leaved types.
In is way a fine leafy strain was
ecured, which by 1925 had produced
nough seed for plot tests-and for
tribution to farmers in small
ntities. Unfortunately all of this
was lost when the building
ich housed the Field Husbandry
Department was burned in the spring
of 1925. However the original selec-
tions were still in the field and a
start was made_ which cul-
ated in a yield of 517 pounds of
lean seed in 1927. The seed from
original plot was obtained for
fen years in succession and tonsti-
ted the Elite stock for distribution.
“Meanwhile in 1927 seed was ob-
ned from Montana by the Domin-
Range Experimental Station. at
nyberries, Alberta, and planted in
lots at that station, and later on
large number of samplés were dis-
ited throughout Western Canada
ir order that the grass might be
under a wide range of soil
and climatic condit‘ons. It was
E until about 1930 that farmers be-
to have success in multiplying
. sted in quantity. In 1931, 1932,
later years, a considerable quan-
of pure setd was distributed to
:d farmers under the Dominion
ment plan of seed distribu-
that by 1936 and 1937 about

The quantity in 1937 would
been larger, had it not been for
} exceptionally dry conditions.

F
Profitable Live Stock

“Many Reasons
Se scAt Top Of List
_ Statement has been made that
ogs have been the most profitable
of liye stock produced by Cana-
farmers during the last \25
. This situation has existed be-
iey are the most efficient flesh
. ducers among farm animals, they
Multiply rapidly, they require a small
tal investment, they reach mar-
turity early, they have a high
H percentage, they process
eat variety of marketable
ts and they produce the one
live stock product for which
$ an uninterrupted market.
ding efficiency of the hog
ident on a number of factors.
in of ‘breeding, the balance
the skill of the feeder and
fa disease are important

Why Hogs Remain

learty Appetite
it Christian, 30-year-
has spread beyond
Alta, 200 miles south of Cal-
his eating feats grow more
‘For-Christmas he ate a
a turkey and all the culinary
_New Year’s Day he had
pound beef roast and extra
of everything.

any
{

-y Of Development
Of Crested Wheat Grass
es An Interesting Story

°

The Open Book
Reading Aloud To Children Is Ad-
Vocated By Lady Tweedsmuir

“Parents are throwing away their
greatest asset when they refrain
from reading aloud to their children,
and they can't afford to throw away
assets these days,” Lady Tweedsmuir
told an audience of women at
Ottawa.

The sovernor-general’s wife, speak-
ing before the Women’s Associations
of the United Church of Canada,
said that in reading aloud, more than
in any other way, parents and chil-
dren are drawn closely together.
Classics should be~ woven into the

‘Memories of children so they will

learn the value of books, she added,

“Nothing takes the Place of
books,” said her excellency. “Radios
and films are enjoyable and educa-
tional, but in a book you have to
make a mental effort to co-operate
with the author. It will be a dread-
ful world when we do everything
mechanical—we shall not be half the
people we are now.

“Reading is like opening a door
into a garden where one can laugh
and cry, hear voices, listen to the
Sound of sea and make beautiful
friendship,” Lady Tweedsmuir said.
“We must make preparations for our
old age. If one really cares about
books and literature, it is a great
help towards filling in your days and
keeping up with the times,”

Ravaged By. Insects

Cause Loss Of A Million And A Half
Of Lives In India

Insects cause the loss of more
than 1,500,000 human lives and do
damage estimated at £150,000,000 a
year in India. These figures were
given by Mohamed Afzal Hussain in
his presidential address to the en-
tomology section of the science con-
gress at Calcutta.

The number of existing species of
insects in India cannot be less than
2,500,000, he said, Of these only 40,-
000 species, it was estimated, have
been studied.

Over 100,000,000 people suffer from
Malaria every year and more than
1,000,000 succumb annually to its
effects. The mosquito which causes
it brought about. the decay of the
Greek and Roman civilizations and
to-day is one of the major obstacles
to progres, he said. Sugar cane pests
alone cause an annual loss of £22,-
500,000 and India’s hide industry
suffers a yearly loss of £1,125,000
from one insect—the warble fly.

Insects had been responsible for
more destruction of property and loss
of life than had been caused by all
wars, floods, earthquakes, of Indias
history.

Estimated By Teeth

Easy For Expert To Determine Age
Of Sheep s

The age of a sheep may be esti-
mated by the teeth. The temporary,
or milk teéth, are white and soft,
while the permanent teeth which re-
place them at yearly intervals, are
larger and broader, widening out to-
ward the top, and the enamel is de-
cidedly a brighter white in color. The
permanent teeth.replace the tempor-
ary teeth in pairs as the sheep grows
older. The first pair or middle teeth
replace the milk teeth when the
sheep is 12 to 15 months old. The
next pair, one on each side of the
central pair, appear at two years;
the third pair appears at three years,
and the last pair at four years. Sheep
that are kept in high condition for
show purposes often have these
changes hastened, while scanty feed-
ing or neglect may have the opposite
effect, A sheep pastured on very
gritty land often times will break
a tooth off before she has reached
maturity. After five years the teeth
begin to wear down until nothing is
left but stumps, or they begin to fall
out.

Gets His Daily Dozen

A treadmill on which the apart-
ment-dwelling dog can get as much
exercise as his flea-hounded brother
in the country has been introduced
in New York. Ball-bearinged so the
pooch can gallop full tilt as well as
walk, the exerciser has a latticed
stall in which the dog is harnessed
so that he cannot shirk his daily
dozen.

In Canada there are about 130
museums open to the public for the
study of art, history, science, or in-
dustry.

Florence, Italy, probably contains
more works of art than any similar

PREPARATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW WATERLOO BRIDGE

for the erection of Waterloo Bridge,

A picture taken recently showing the progress of the preliminary work

tions for the building of the first cofferdam are being made. Inside this
the pier nearest the south side will be built.

London. In the foreground prepara-

Ration Must Be Balanced

Defici,

t In Some El

According to H. A. Herman, of the
Missouri College of Agriculture, the
only elements which are likely to be
deficient in any average dairy cow

iodine, calcium and phosphorus,

usual practice of feeding common
salt adequately supplies these min-
erals, A mature dairy cow requires
one to three ounces daily. The feed-
ing of salt at the rate of one pound
per 100 pounds of grain fed and also
supplying salt in the pasture or feed
lot is 2 commonly followed plan.

Under usual conditions, calcium
and phosphorus are the minerals
most likely to be lacking. Good
sources of phosphorus are wheat
bran, cottonseed meal, linseed oil
meal, and soybean oil meal—the last
named to less extent. The legume
hays are excellent sources 6f calcium,
but are lacking in sufficient phos-
phorus. These legume hays contain
the bulk of the calcium in the leaves
so that a high grade leafy hay is
much superior to low grade stemmy
hay.

Cereal grains and non-legume
roughages such as corn stover, tim-
othy and wheat straw are low in
calcium. Green pasture grasses are
fairly rich in both calcium and phos-
phorus. Under most herd conditions,

of steamed bone meal in order to
meet any shortage of these two ele-
ments. The addition of 1 or 1% per
cent. of steamed bone meal to the
grain ration usually in sufficient,

Of the German war vessels sunk
in Scapa Flow during the World
War, 25 destroyers and three battle-
ships have been raised.

The 20 separate park units com-
prising Canada’s national park sys-
tem have a total area of 12,500
square miles.

Fog prevented 10 major football
games in Britain in one day recently.

Feed For Average Dairy Cow] 42,000 Shipped East From Western

ration to-day are sodium, chlorine,!than 42000 horses were

For the sodium ‘and chlorine the 1937.

it seems wise to feed a small amount |

Shortage Of Horses

Canada In 1937

W. H. Gibson, of Indian Head,
Sask., reported to the annual meet-
ing of the Clydesdale Horse Associa-
tion of Canada-in Toronto that more
shipped
from western to eastern Canada in
This compared to 32,894 in
1936, he said.

This was not a wholly satisfactory

condition, Mr. Gibson said. It had
been brought about by drouth condi-
tions and the outlook was that there
would be a scarcity of horses for
working the land.
. During 1937, the meeting learned,
806 new members joined the associa-
toin, bringing the total registrations
to 1,635. Sales increased from 1,261
to 1,457. Purebred exports to the
United States numbered 70.

The meeting approved a request
to be made by the association to the
Dominion department of agriculture
that the department begin research
work into the cause and take meas-
ures to control encephalomyelitis, a
horse disease that has caused wide-
spread stock losses in Manitoba and
Saskatchewan in the past three years.

Something In Common

College Professor Decided He Also
Was An Artist 3

A group of professional men had
gathered in the lobby of a hotel and
pr ded to make th Ives known
to one another.

“My name is Fortesque,” said one,
extending his hand. “I’m a painter
—work in water colors chiefly.”

“Indeed,” remarked another. “I’m
an hrtist, too, I work in bronze.”

“Well, this is fine,” chimed in a
third. “I’m a sculptor. I work in
stone.”

Then the quiet little fellow who
had been inclined to keep apart
stepped up, a dry smile on his face.

“Glad to make the acquaintance of
you gentlemen,” he remarked, “for
I have a common interest like you.
I work in ivory. Im a college pro-
fessor.”—Christian Science Monitor.

\ Tea Towels Furnish a “Dutch Treat”

help you with your chores!

a transfer pattern of seven motifs

Ave. E., Winnipeg.

area. 2243

PATTERN 6050

Straight from Tulip-land come happy Hulda and handsome Hans to|
Embroider their colorful figures in easy 8-to-|

the-inch cross-stitch, with single, running and outline stitch on a chee:

set of tea towels—one for every day of the week!

needed; illustrations of stitches; color suggestions.
To obtain this pattern send 20 cents in coins (stamps cannot be accept-
ed) to Household Arts Dept., Winnipeg Newspaper Union, 175 McDermot

Great Britain Is Putting
Cape Of Good Hope Trade
Route In State of Defence

The Tanning Industry

Main Supply Of Leather Comes From
The Farms

Tanning, which is dependent mainly
on agriculture for supplies, is now one
of the major industries of Canada,
producing leather both for the home
market and for export to other
countries. In the matter of leather
gloves alone, according to the latest
statistics, no fewer than 7 223,676
pairs were produced in the Dominion
in 1936, cowhide being used for 2,505,-
612 pairs, sheepskin for 1,971,072
pairs, and muleskin for 932,208 pairs,
with a total value of $4,024,590 for
leather gloves. Altogether the total
production of the leather industry in
1936 was valued-at $23,294,210, and
the principal kinds of leather manu-
factured were oak tanned sole leather;
calfskin upper leather; cattle and
horsehide upper leather; patent and
enamelled shoe leather, and glove
and coat leather.

Among the several kinds of hides
and skins used, the item “cattle
hides” is of chief importance, with
a total weight of 78,616,632 pounds,
and a value of $7,878,329. The item
“calf and kip skins” comes next, with
a total weight of 19,211,111 pounds,
and a value of $3,345,400. The value
of these two items represents 90 per
cent. of the total value of skins and
hides used. Canadian farms supply
most of the cattle hides, and, were
it not for the spoilage of some Cana-
dian hides through rough branding
and the ravages of warble flies,
Canadian farmers could probably
supply all the cattle hides necessary.
In calf and kip skins used, imported
hides represent 38 per cent., and with
regard to sheepskins Canadian ani-
mais supply about half the skins re-
quired by the industry, the other half
having to be imported.

The centre of the tanning industry
in Canada is the province of Ontario,
where the value of output in 1936
amounted to 89 per cent. of the total
for the Dominion. The number of
plants in operation in that year was
87. Ontario had 32 and Quebec 33
tanneries in operation but many of
the latter province were of small
capacity, although in the matter of
leather gloves Quebec turned out 56
per cent. of the total value for the
Dominion. Alberta's plants number-
ed seven in operation; Saskatchewan
six; Manitoba 4; British Columbia
three, and Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick one each.

The first record of the tanning in-
dustry in Canada relates to two
plants which were established at the
instigation of the Intendant Talon
(1665-1672), one at Quebec and the
other at Montreal. Prior to his de
parture for France, Talon wrote
Louis XIV. as follows—‘TI have this
year caused to be manufactured out
of the wool shorn from the sheep
sent ty Your Majesty, several kinds
of cloth; our tanneries supply one-
third of the leather required here,
and at present I have Canadian
fabric to dress myself from head to
foot.”

How Languages Are Made

Australians Have Added New Word
To Their Vocabulary
The Australians, always good at
coining words, have added a new
one to their vocabulary, states W.
K. Kelsey, in the Detroit News. An
Englishman coming to Australia to
settle is now a Pommy, Pommy is
short for pomegranate, which is a
corruption of immigrant. Some Eng-
lishmen have taken offense after
finding out that an English im-
migrant in Australian is called a
Pommy. The Australians retort that
they are known in England as
Aussies, a world capable of easy mis-
pronounciation. This matter merely
goes to show how languages are
built. The tribes that Caesar con-

Great Britain is putting the his-
toric Cape of Good Hope trade rout:
in a state of defence.

Italy’s conquest of Ethiopia and
tension in the Mediterranean result-
ing from the Spanish conflict have
emphasized the importance to Bri-
tain of the alternative route of Aus-
tralia and the Far East in case the
Mediterranean-Suez canal line should
be cut in wartime,

Freetown, Sierra Leone, on the
west coast of Africa, is being forti-
fied, and at Cape Town itself an
eight-year harbor improvement pro-
gram soon will be under way.

Improved docking facilities, re-
fuelling equipment, strong coast de-
fences, and a military garrison will
make Freetown a strong point along
the route. '

The admiralty is enlarging its oil
fuel base at Freetown, close to the
French port of Dakar, where addi-
tional oil supplies can be obtained.

The harbor is so deep the largest
warship afloat could steam in and
anchor close to shore. No dredging
is needed to keep the waterway
clear. 2

Possible German interest in the
Azores and the Canary Islands as
naval bases: make it important Bri-
tain should have a big base on the
west African coast. At Capetown,
next “corner’ on the Cape route,
$75,000,000 will be spent on harbor
reconstruction, —

Extensive fortifications mounting
15-inch guns will be built on Robben
Island, commanding the entrance, it
is reported, and other heavy guns
will be sited on the mainland.

Sudden Tragedies

Suggestion Is Made That Children
Should Be Taught First Aid

Not long ago a Lethbridge boy died
as a result of a gunshot wound.
Whether his life could have been
saved by first aid immediately after
the accident we do not know, but
the long time between the accident
and medical aid left him little
chance.

Three children playing innocently
in a Claresholm garage are dead be-
cause they did not know about the
deadly monoxide fumes created by an
automobile that is kept running in
a@ closed space,

We have heard it said recently
that, while our schools are trying to
equip children so that in after years
they maye live a fuller life, they
overlook many of the things that a
young man or woman must learn by
practical experience, Music in the
schools is fine, but is it more import-
ant than first aid? In these days
of automobiles wouldn’t a few les-
sons on the dangers connected with
these powerful engines be good train-
ing for a boy or a girl? We could
go on with a lengthy list of ques-
tions, but perhaps these will give
educational authorities a lead in an
effort to teach boys and girls a num-
ber of common, every-day things
that will stand them in good stead
when they go out to earn a living.—
Lethbridge Herald.

_ In The Good Old Winters

It Must Have Been Cold Down East
In The Early Days
Grandfather on the Tenth Conces-
sion was a plain-spoken man who
seldom indulged in anything but fact
and hard logic, but when the
weather was under discussion it
seemed he was moved to depths sel-
dom plumbed. He would recall that
in his younger days when the land
was but newly cleared the cold
would be so intense that the nose
would freeze daily. That freezing
would become such & common thing
that it wag at last decided it was
useless to thaw the nose out at all
and so the old-timers would just
leave their noses frozen during the

quered did similar things to Latin
words.
ere
Just A Disturbance
A former resident was asking
about the old town. “I |
they have a curfew law out there
now,” he remarked.
“No,” his informant informed;
“they did have one, but abandoned

Dish |
Drying
a Joy |
; |

ry
Pattern 6050 contains
averaging 614x8 inches; materials

There is no Alice Brooks pattern book published listice.

it.”
“What was the matter?”
“The bell rang at 9 o'clock, and

{almost everyone complained about

being awakened!” .

A deposit of salk at Wielizka,|

inclined to be annoyed
caddy.

winter and attend to thawing them
out when spring seemed inclined to

| move in and control the situation. -

Peterborough Examiner.

A golfer had lost his ball, and was
with his

Golfer (angrily)—Why didn't you

watch where it went?

Caddy—Well, sir, it don't usually

go anywhere and so it took me un-
prepared this time.

The Gulf Stream has a maximum

velocity of nearly five miles an hour,
which is equal to that of many in-

Poland, is said to be the largest in| land streams.

the world. It is 500 miles long, 20)
miles wide, and 1,200 feet thick. |

Nearly 3,500,000 new houses have!

| been built in Britain since the Arm-

with the right ear

{north side in New

Hearing, as a rule, is more acute
than with the left.

de of a house is the

Zealand,

The sunny