O1

Declared To Be

Favorable For Settlement

ee

~The country to and around the Hud-

son y is supposed to be barren, but
this fs an ordinary Mallacy of those
who cannot estimate the resources of
a new country. Mr. E. Mosher, of
Halifax, was at Churchill from Sep-
tember 2 to January 7, superintending
the building of the barracks for the
Roydl Northwest Mounted Police. “So
far as the weather is concerned, I
would as sour have spent the months
4n Churchill as in Halifax. He “did
not find the cold any more severe than
in the east." According to his obser-
vajions, “the lowest temperature reg-
istered was 39 below zero.”

The Rey. Dr. John McDougall, pion-

: eer missionary, describes ,the coun-
try soith of Split Lake as fayorable
for settlement, the growth of vegeta-
tion almost tropical, and*“the climate
is far more_moderate than in South-
ern Manitoba, the home of No. 1 hard
wheat.” Summer frosts are practi-
caily unknown.
_ James Robson, who superintended
the building of Fort Prince of Wales
at the mouth of Churchill Harbor, af-
ter five years of residence, writes in
‘752: “Phe marshes and low ground
are full of guoa grass, and there is a
patch of ground near Eskimaux Point
which thotigh exposed to the north
and northeast, produces good radishes,
eolewort, turnips, small carrots and
lettuces and other salading; black-
berries also grow upon the heath.
The cattle here would live
and do well if the same care was tal-
en of them as is generally taken of
‘them in England. ~ The horses
had been kept fcx several years and
were constantly employed in drawing
stene and other material for the fort.”
Dr. Bell, nearly a century anda half
late) saw some very good potatoes
and turnips growing at Churchill. He
observed an abundance of hay in the
7 neighborhood, and near the bay open
grassy land of unlimited extent af-
fording extensive pasturage. He
found the small herd of cattle were
in 1879-80 being recruited by animals
-calved at the fort, whereas it was for-
~ merly not considered possible to breed
stock there. Good butter was made
at the fort.

The fisheries have Ween slightingly
veferred to by Mr. MacLachlan, but
we have the evidence of a number of

msible authorities that the lakes
from Le Pas 10 Churchill are swarming
ay with whitefish and other féod fish like
trout, pike and even suckers. Sal-
mon, sea trodt and whitefish are, Mv.
O'Sullivan says, “both plentiful and
of excellent quality, the porpoise or
white whale is very common in the
mouth of the Churchill.” “I'he bar-
-ren ground caribou herd in hundreds
over the country, and wild geese, duck
and pltarmigan there breed and
abound.” Ungaya’s shore streams on
the east side of the bay abound in the
finest salmon, in trout and “speckled
trout unlimited.

Mr. McKenna, in reviewing the evi-
dence of a century and/a half, adds:
“It would appear that Canada has at
that point on Hudson's Bay a safe
port, Open for several months in each
year, and a site for’a city, with im-
mense fisheries at its doors, and large
possibilities as tu the development of
the mineral wealth deposited in its
neighborhood.”

The great “barren ground herd of
caribou pass yearly within 30 miles
of Churchill, and under Goyernment
regulation and supervision, a toll of
from 5,000 to 50,000 could yearly be
taken without decimating the qyoain
herd, provided the wolves which prey
on them, taking fens of thousands of
young animals, were destroyed, which
can be done.

Waterpower is everywhere on a
splendid scale along the Churchill, the
Nelson and tributaries, far more than
necessary to electrify the whole line,

Most of the route seems Lo be fairly
well forested with “spruce, poplar,
tamarac, balsam, excellent white
spruce and Banksian pine, ete.” The
pulpwood supply running from Le Pas
to Split Lake, ten miles each side of
the railway, is estimated at nearly six
million cords,” a very low but safe
estimate. In the absence of a very
large amount of fuel timber, each of
these explorers emphasizes the pres-
ence of large and deep beds of good
peat, whichyeventually will be found

f an excellent substitute for. many pur-|
poses.—Moose Jaw Times.
~
To Amend &.C.M.P. Act
A resolution to amend the-act re
garding the Royal Canadian Mounted
Police was passed by the House of
Commons. Th» resolution author-
© izes the Governor-in-Council-to fix the
pay and allowances of members of the
force, and it also provides that the
“time served by officers in the Domin-
fon police force should be included in
_ the term of sérvice for pension pur-
poses, i

\

-

The Flower Garden

Hardy Perennials That Are Recom-
mended For Western Provinces
“Practically all varieties of tulips
can be depended upon to make a bril-
‘lant show in prairie gardens. Mr.
Tinline, Superintendent of the Experi-
mental Station at Scott, Saskatche-
wan, recommends a number of varie-
ties that have done well at that sta-
tion. Of the early flowering kinds,
Proserpine (carmine), Duchesse de
Parma (orange-scarlet), Chrysolora
(golden-yellow), Pottebakker White,
Cottage Maid (rose), and Veymilion
Brilliant, are recommended. Of the
Darwins, which are later and taller|
growing, Clara Butt (salmon-pink),|
Madame Krelage (deep rose), Barti H
gon (red). and Pride of Haarlem (car-;
mine), are reconimended. The bulbs |
should be planted in September or!
early October, eight inches apart and
four inches deep. -A mulch of par-
tially rotted manure spread _over the
beds has been found to afford satis-
factory winger protection. i
In the drier parts of Saskatchewan
the iris is not a complete success, but
in districts of more abundant réinfall,
where artificial watering can be giv-
en, this plant does very wéll. Such
varieties as Mrs H. Darwin, Sappho,
and Gracchas, produced bloom atthe

Experimental Station at Scoit.

The peony js perfectly hardy on the
prairies, and, azcording to Mr. M. J.
Tiniine, Superintendent of Scott Sta-
tion, conijnues to bloom for many

_| years after once becoming establish-

ed. September is said to be the best
month of the year for setting plants,
whic’ should be planted in good soil,
well enriched.
The stately delphinium, commonly
known as perennial larkspur, does well
in the prairie provinces. At the
Scott Experimental Station the super-
intendent reports that the dephinium
grows rapidly during the early sum-
mer, reaching four to five feet in
height by the time it flowers in July.
The_plants can be secured by sowinig
the seed in May or early June jand
transplanting to nursery rows as soon
as they are big enough. The follow-
ing year, the plants that produce the
est colors should be selected and set
out in their permanent location.
The aquilegia, or columbine, is SO}
easily grown ir the prairie provinces!
that no garden should be without a
number of plants. According to the
Superintendent of the Experimental
Station at Scott. Saskatchewan, the
coerulea, a dwarf purple variety,
blooms in the month of May, and tall-
er growing, brighter colored varieties
in early June or July, The colum-
bine, like many other perennials,
starts readily from seed, flowering the
second year. Ss ;
Shipments Of Grain
Railway companies operating in Al-
berta have shipped a total of 152,615,-
776 bushels of wheat between Septem-
ber 1 of last year, and May 31 of this
year, being the 1923-24 crop shipping
season. In addition to this the rail-
ways report a total of 11,196,899 bush-
els of wheat in stcre in line elevators.
This makes a total marketed of 163,-
$12,675 bushels of wheat, but from this
must be deducted about 20,000,000
bushels to aliow for the quantity re-
ceived Irom points in Saskatchewan
which are included in Alberta division
of the C.P.R. and to allow also for
duplication.in handling of grain com-
ing off braach lines to main transcon-
tinental lines,

Casey,— Tis too stout entirely you're
gettin’, Ellen. Why don’t ye diet?
Mrs. Casey —I'd like to, Dinny, but I
can’t convince me conscience that
dietin’ isn’t wilfully interferin’ with

the ways of Providence,

« For Conndian Cattle

Pool Systems’ Would Secure Sales In
_ Europe Says P. W. T. Ross
“The Canadian farmer has a reputa-

tion in Europe second t@*none as a

beef grower. He does not need more

education, as is co frequently stated.

What he needs is h market. The

quality of Canadian cattle is fully

50 per cent. better now than it was

three years ago.”

This was the declaration of P. W. T.
Ross, of Toronto, in an interview in
the Ottawa Citizen"the other day.

Mr. Ross. was for several years in
the cattle business in France. At the
cessation Of hostilities he was attach-
ed to the commicsariat general of
Canada in France

After outlining the sifuation and
the reason for the unfavorable con-
ditions, Mr: Ross justified his criti-
cism by suggesting a remedy.

“I am confiden* of being able to pro-
duce what does not now exist,” he
id, “and that is a good market in
Europe for beef springer cows, thin
cows, bulls and jairy cows. This is
only possible by acting directly in con-
junction with the farmers’ co-opera-
tives and by giving them the maxi-
mum return that thetmarkets will al-
low.”

In order to make this scheme feas-
ible, Mr. Ross considered that the
farmers should form pools for their
stock in co-opevation with the Provin-
cial Governments. This would be
necessary in order to ensure that ship-
ments would be continuous, this con-
dition being,essential in order to se-
cure space on the steamboats.

Mr. Ross suggests starting on the
basis of a yearly shipment of 10,000
head of cattle He would establish
headquarter depois im France for the
handling/ of the beasts and would sell’

them from pasture through the large)
local markets such as those at Rheimss#
Strasbourg, Metz, Nancy, “Lyons |
Rouen and similar cities. THe"6ver~
head expense he estimates at $15,000
a year for salaries and administra-
tion.

Record Of

Performance Applications]

Dominion Livestock” Branch In
Position to Give Benefit of
Service

A few weeks ago reference was
made in the Agricultural Press to the
fact that owing to lack of a sufficient
number of inspectors to keep pace
with the expansion of the work, the
Dominion\Livestock Branch had been
forced to discontinue the acceptance
of Record of Performance applications
from farms not already on its lists.
Largely as a result of representations
made by various Breed Associations,

council has since authorized an in-
trease in inspection staff with the!
result that the branch is again in a
position to give the benefit of this
service to all breeders who comply |
with the rules. Applications receiv-
ed during May and June, which would
otherwise hayvé been refused, have
been included in the lists. i

Lady Byng a Naturalist

Has Wide Knowledge of Canadian |
Flowers and Trees

It will be of interest to lovers of
flowers in Canada to know that Lady
Byng of Vimy, among her many in-
terests, is ‘a naturalist of no mean
ability, and it is an open question if
there are any native-born Canadians
who can boast of a wider knowledge
of Canadian wild flowers, trees and
ferns.

She has a “Canadian” garden of wild
flowers at her country home in Essex,
England, and her collection is very;
considerable; notwithstanding the
fact she is searching for other rare
plants and now has on her list some |
93 varieties which she has recently |
ordered from Canada. To make the
collection complete, however, it will
probably take more than a year.

ZAGHLUT PASHA
Premier of Egypt, who was shot and
wounded by an unknown assailant
when about to leave Cairo recently. |

The Livestock Market

Select Bacon Hogs Are Now Bringing
Better Prices

There is a noteworthy, feature in

the Dominion Livestock Branch mar-

ket report for the week ending July 3.

‘inasmuch as the top price for select

bacon hogs at Toronto is quoted at
$9.75 as against $6.35 for the same
date last year, thick» smooth hogs at
$8.80 against $8.50/ and heavies at
$8.25 against $7.50. For other kinds
the prices averaze unchanged. Lambs
and light sheep ale@ show an increase,
the former of the good kind being
quoted at $17 compared with $16.35,

{and common at $15.75 compared with

$14, top prices. Heavy and-common
sheep were a bit down, but light sheep
are quoted at the top as $6.50 compar-
ed with $6.25 last year.

From January 1 to July 8 this year
the cattle shipped to’ Pugland number-
ed 35,820 compared with 31,694 dur-
ing the same period last year, an in-
crease of 4,126. The sales of cattle
at the principal stockyards of the
country this year total 348,762 com-
pared with 317,068 last year, 146,422
calves againSt 119,998, 638,026 hogs
against §20,708, and 75,237 sheep
against 92,089.

Life Of Seed Varies

Seeds of the Willow and Poplar Are
Very Short Lived

Swindling in seeds has cattsed dras-
tic action in Great Britain, and gave
rise to the inauguration of the Seed
Adulteratioh Act Eyen that. how-
eyer, does not entirely eliminate the
sale of old and dirty seed. MoSt seeds
are “dirty” when fresh gathered—that
is, they contain a considerable per-
centage of weed seed, and all the great
seed houses possess elaborate and
costly machinery for cleaning. Cloy-
er seed has to be carefully cleaned.
If this is not done the result will he
a crop of all kinds of pernicious weeds
in the clover field Some weed seeds,
such as those of the dodder, are so
tiny that it is almost impossible to
detect them except under a_ strong
magnifying glass. Seeds vary in
their powers of retaining life. While
those of pi and beans will retain
vitality for many years, others, such
as those of the parsnip are useless if
kept-over or2 season. Seeds of the
willow and the poplar are so short-
lived that unless they land at*once in
a moist place they die in a few days.

1

Trade With United States

Canada’s trade with the United
States is increasing During the
twelve months ended May, Canadian
exports to the United States were
$428,094,421, an increase of forty mil-
lions over the previous year; imports
from the United States were $583,764,-
800, an increase of nearly fourteen mil-
lions over the previous year.

The rapidity with which-industry Is
crowding back what was at one time
considered the northern boundary of
possible settlement in Canada gives
cause for serious thought as to Wheth-
Mer this country has such a limit, Says
the Natural Resources InteNigence
Service of the Department of the In-
terior. Both east and west and in the
central provinces new developments
are taking place within what was at
one time considered the undisputed
habitat of wild life and the fur trader.

In British Columbia. on the Port-
land Canal, great developments are
taking place in mining and water-
power. The Granby Consolidated
Mining and Smelting Company's Hig-
gins mine, at Anyox, is the largest
copper producing mine in Canada. In
1922 its output was 30,334,180 pounds,
or nearly two-thirds of the total cop-
per production of Canada for that yeay.

he Premier mine, which in 1922
produced 128,527 ounces of gold and
4,261,368 ounces of silver, is also locat-
ed on the Portland Canal, approxi-
mately 140 miles north of Prince Ru-

pert. Each of these mines has de-
veloped hydro-electric power for its
operation, ,

In the Yukon development of the
stlver-lead mines of the Mayo district
is proceeding satisfactorily. In 1923
the district showed increased produc-
tion, while still greater results are

looked for. The Mayo district is in
approximately the same latitude as
Dawson.

Im the northwest territorles radio
broadcasting stations are being estab-
lished at Fort Simpsou, oa the Mac-
kenzie River, and at Herschel Island,
in the Arctic Ocean off the mouth of
the Mackenzie. >

In Northern aa arrangements
are being made for shipping out bitu-
men sands from the enormous de-
posits in the vicinity ofe McMurray,
which point is now almost reached by
railway. A company has been form-
ed recently to develop the known salt
deposits in the same area, a bed of
commercial rock salt 14 feet in thick-
ness having been proved by drilling.

At Faust, on Lesser Slave Lake, and
on the Edmonton, Dunyegan and Brit-
ish Columbia Railway, a modern fish
freezing plant is beinf constructed
with a capacity of 150,000 pounds of
fish. During the fishing season pike
and pickerel, which reach the maxi-
|mum of exceilence in the cold north-
jern waters, will be filleted and pan-
jfrozen. In the autumn these will be
shipped to the markets of Eastern
|Canada and the United States, where
exceptionally high prices are secured.

In Northern Manitoba, 350 miles
north of Winnipeg, a hydro-electric
plant is being constructed on the
Grass River to supply power to the
Bingo gold mine, at the head of Herb
Lake. This mine is being developed
by British capital. x

In Northern Ontario the railway has
reached out to Tin’Can Portage on the
Abitibi River, and new mining areas
are being opened up. The Kirkland
Lake and Porcupine areas of Northern
Ontario have made some wonderful
production records.

One of Canada’s largest waterpower
developments is in course of construc-
tion at the grand discharge of Lake St.
John in Quebec, about 75 miles north
of the city of Quebec. Here the Que-
bec Development Company 1s con-
structing dams and powerhouse to use
the waters of the Saguenay River.
The ultimate capacity of the plant is
expected to be 420,000 horsepower.
The dam being erected will be 100
feet high and 7,700 feet long.

In the northwestern portion of the
province, in the Rouyn district, active
prospecting and exploratory work is
being carried on, with the expectation
that development of the mineral re-
sourcés of that district will be com-

‘From left to igh
Campbell Tene ph

w

‘ontreal; Pierre Ledieu K.C., Montreal, and R.G.
tion, gathered on the deck of the Montlaurier prior to sailing from

the $s he.

. De Lorimier,
Quebec.

Members of Canadian Bar Association en-route to Europe
:- Hon. Judge Leask, North Bay; Hon. Mr. Justice Duclos, Montreal; Captain Turnbull, of C.P.S.S. Moi

-4

° we -

K.C., treasurer gi the Quebec Board of
+ 4

Rapidity With Which Industry
Is Crowding Back The
Northern Frontier Of Canada

mercially feasible. Railway exten-
sion to the areas is proposed. In the
Abitibi and Temiskaming districts
eolonization is being actively promot-
ed by the Provincial Government.

On the northwestern coast of Nova
Scotia the coal fields are reported as —
about to be developed on an intensive
scale. A company has recently been
incorporated for that purpose.

The northern limits of Canada are
tapidly moving back, and agriculture
and industry are following closely the
new developments. What was once
looked upon as but a blank on the
map may be expected, within a neason-
able length of time, te yield its trib-
ute, not only in furs but in many and
varied mineral, forest and power de-
velopments, to the!sum total of the
value of the natural resources of
Canada.

China Needs Our Wheat

Growing Importaice of Orient As a
Market For Canadian Wheat

The growing importance of China as
a market for wheat from the United
States and Canada is describel by W. —
Melville, a former Minneapolis miller,
who for 20 years has been.an adviser
to one of the large native milling com-
panies of China. There arejnow 23
modern flour milling companies in
Shanghai alone, Mr. Melyille said, and
they prefer to use wheat from the
States and from Canada to their own
native product for the reason that the
latter is so poorly handled enroute
to the mills that it is not satisfactory.
Much Canadian hard wheat is used by
the Shanghai mil s.

Flour consumption in China is grow-
ing steadily, said Mr. Melyille. Al
though Chinese wheat production is
on the increase he doubted if it would
catch up with the demand for wheat
flours, Therefore, he said, China is
likely to continue a good buyer of
American wheat. During the war the
Shanghai mills developed a good ex-
port business in flour, but at the pres-
ent time exports are prohibited, so
that the milis must find a home mar-
ket for their entire output.

Some Chinese iTibas t
Are Blight-Resisting

Discovery May Lead to Reforestry of
American Timber Areas
_Thrilling stories of adventure and
interesting scientific discoveries haye
been reported to the National Geo-
graphic Society by Joseph F. Rock,
leader of the society’s expedition into
Yunnan, a vast and little explored

proyince in Southwestern China.

Mr. Rock, a well known plant au- —

thority, has just returned to Washing-
ton and in narrating his experiences,
tells of finding in Yunnan aboriginal
tribes who still practice religious cere-
monies that pre-date the introduction
of Buddhism, and the discovery of a
blight-resisting chcstnut tree, which 1t/
is hoped, will aid in restoring the dis- —
heased chestnut timber crop in the
United States,
The explorer brought back from the
wilds of the Chinese: province some
1,700 specimens and snor2 than 60,-
000 plants. He also came into pos-
session of books used by the Nashi,
or Moso, priests, containing angient
writing In picture form. The books
also antedate Buddhism in China and
Tibet and include a story of a great
flood.

Favorable Trade Balance
Canada has a favorable trade bal-
ance of nearly $200,000,000 for the
twelve months ended May 31. During
that period Canadian products export-
ed were worth $1,069,715,880. Im-
ports totalled $873.367,752. Exports
increased by $110,000,000 over 1923
and imports increased by $82,000,000.
The chief increase in exports was in
agricultural products and wood and
paper. S

Theory Worked Too Well
To test the theory that “any bright
criminal could prove himself insane
and thus escap? punishment for his
crimes,” a Des Moines, Iowa, news-
paper reporter played the part of the
insané man, wal&ollicially adjudged in-

sane by ithe sanity eormmission, which
remanded him to thé statehospital at
Clarind, all in sith fine orderAhat the

young, reporter had difficulty in extri-
cating himself.

School Inspector.—

Now, children, if
I wanted to become a jolner, what
would I require that at present I
haven't got?”
Smart Pupil.—A chavacter, sir.
Preacher (at the re-union meeting),
—"I have only one regret—I miss so

many of the old faces
hands with.”

en eee 2
A /broad mind isn’t necessarily
deep. ”

I used to shake

’ ,
ntlaurier; Hon. Mr. Justice
the Canadian Bar cia:
aoe